![]() ![]() Other, basic kinds of surveying have had a more varied historiographical occurrence. The history of geodetic surveys has been undertaken by scientists who have written their disciplinary histories from an internal perspective the histories of high order surveying have tended to blur into the treatment of surveying generally by historians of science as they achieved disciplinary autonomy in the twentieth century. The “higher order” surveys undertaken for geodesy and for systematic state mapping have long been the traditional focus. The professions and academic disciplines concerned with the observation and measurement of the earth’s surface-in short, the amalgam of practices that have often been grouped together as “land surveying”-have promoted extensive studies of mapping practices and institutions. Update 5 July 2021: I added a few further bits that proved to be extraneous as I reconfigured the chapter. I previously wrote on the early history of geodetic surveying. The internal history of surveying-the history of surveying written by practicing and academic surveyors-is an important part of map history generally, but it is only in part relevant to the ways in which “the map” has been conceptualized in theory and practice within map studies, so I have finally decided to present this material in the blog.
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